Once, twice, etc. removed

Pro Tip 1/3

Generation Gap

Understand that 'once removed' indicates a one-generation gap between relatives, not distance or affection.

My grandfather's sister is my grandaunt, but her children are my cousins once removed.

Pro Tip 2/3

Not for Friends

'Once removed' is used for family relations, not to describe friendships or acquaintances.

You can't use 'once removed' to describe your friend's parent.

Pro Tip 3/3

Direct Descendants

Direct parent-child relationships aren't described as 'once removed'; it starts with cousins, uncles, and aunts.

Your mom is not your aunt once removed; she's just your mom.